The allure of fresh, juicy cherries, bursting with sweetness and vibrant color, is undeniable. Whether you’re planning a trip to a local orchard, tending to your own cherry tree, or simply eager to find the best fruit at the farmers market, understanding cherry season is crucial. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about when to pick cherries, ensuring you get the most delicious and rewarding harvest.
Understanding Cherry Varieties and Their Ripening Times
Not all cherries are created equal, and their ripening times vary significantly. This variation depends on the specific variety and the local climate. Generally, the cherry season in North America spans from late spring to mid-summer, but this is a broad generalization. Knowing the types of cherries helps pinpoint when to expect your harvest.
Sweet Cherries
Sweet cherries are the stars of the cherry world, prized for their intense sweetness and firm texture. Popular varieties include Bing, Rainier, and Lambert.
Bing Cherries
Bing cherries are perhaps the most well-known sweet cherry variety. They are characterized by their dark red, almost black, color and their exceptional sweetness. Bing cherries typically ripen in mid-June to early July, depending on the region.
Rainier Cherries
Rainier cherries are distinguished by their yellow skin with a red blush. They are exceptionally sweet and have a delicate flavor. Rainier cherries usually ripen slightly later than Bing cherries, generally in late June to mid-July.
Lambert Cherries
Lambert cherries are another popular dark red variety, known for their large size and rich flavor. They typically ripen in late June to early July, overlapping with Bing cherries.
Sour Cherries
Sour cherries, also known as tart cherries, are primarily used for baking and preserving. Their tartness makes them ideal for pies, jams, and sauces. Montmorency is the most widely grown sour cherry variety.
Montmorency Cherries
Montmorency cherries are bright red and have a distinctly tart flavor. They typically ripen earlier than sweet cherries, usually from late May to mid-June. Their early ripening makes them a welcome harbinger of summer.
Factors Influencing Cherry Ripening
Several factors influence when cherries are ready to be picked. These factors include climate, weather conditions, and the tree’s overall health. Understanding these influences helps you make more accurate predictions about your harvest.
Climate and Geographic Location
Climate plays a significant role in cherry ripening. Warmer climates generally result in earlier harvests. Regions with milder winters and warm springs, such as California and the Pacific Northwest, tend to have earlier cherry seasons than cooler areas. The specific geographic location within a region also matters. Orchards at higher elevations may experience slightly later ripening due to cooler temperatures.
Weather Conditions
Weather conditions during the growing season have a direct impact on cherry development. Warm, sunny weather promotes faster ripening, while cool, cloudy weather can delay it. A late frost can damage blossoms and reduce the overall yield. Consistent rainfall is essential for fruit development, but excessive rain close to harvest can cause cherries to crack.
Tree Health and Maintenance
A healthy cherry tree is more likely to produce a bountiful and timely harvest. Proper pruning, fertilization, and pest control are essential for maintaining tree health. Overcrowded branches can reduce sunlight penetration, leading to uneven ripening. Nutrient deficiencies can also delay ripening and reduce fruit quality. Regular monitoring and proactive care contribute to a successful cherry season.
Determining Cherry Ripeness: Signs to Look For
Knowing when to pick cherries is crucial for maximizing flavor and quality. Relying on visual cues, taste tests, and other indicators will help you harvest at the peak of ripeness.
Visual Cues: Color and Size
The color of the cherry is one of the most obvious indicators of ripeness. Sweet cherries will transition from green to yellow to red, eventually reaching a deep, rich color that is characteristic of the variety. Sour cherries will turn a bright, vibrant red. The size of the cherry is also a factor. Ripe cherries will be plump and full, having reached their maximum size for that variety.
Touch and Texture
Ripe cherries should be firm to the touch, but not rock hard. A slight give when gently squeezed indicates that the cherry is ready to be picked. Avoid cherries that are soft, mushy, or wrinkled, as these are likely overripe or damaged.
Taste Test
The most reliable way to determine ripeness is to taste a few cherries from different parts of the tree. Ripe sweet cherries will be intensely sweet and flavorful, with a juicy texture. Sour cherries will have a distinct tartness that is balanced by sweetness. If the cherries are still sour or lack flavor, they are not yet ready to be harvested.
Stem Condition
The stem of a ripe cherry should be easily detachable from the tree. If the stem is firmly attached and requires significant pulling, the cherry is likely not fully ripe. Ripe cherries will often detach with a gentle tug, leaving the stem intact on the fruit.
Regional Variations in Cherry Season
Cherry season varies significantly depending on the region. Understanding the typical harvest times for your area will help you plan your cherry picking adventures.
Pacific Northwest
The Pacific Northwest, particularly Washington and Oregon, is a major cherry-producing region. Cherry season in the Pacific Northwest typically runs from June to August. Bing, Rainier, and Lambert cherries are commonly grown in this region.
California
California is another significant cherry-growing state, with an earlier cherry season than the Pacific Northwest. Cherry season in California typically starts in May and extends through June. Varieties grown in California include Bing, Coral Champagne, and Brooks.
Great Lakes Region
The Great Lakes region, including Michigan and New York, is known for its sour cherry production. Sour cherry season in the Great Lakes region typically runs from late June to mid-July. Montmorency cherries are the primary variety grown in this area.
Other Regions
Cherry production also occurs in other regions of the United States and Canada, with varying harvest times. Local agricultural extensions and orchards can provide specific information about cherry season in your area.
Tips for a Successful Cherry Harvest
Whether you’re picking cherries from your own tree or visiting a U-pick orchard, following these tips will help you have a successful and enjoyable harvest.
Harvesting Techniques
When picking cherries, gently grasp the stem of the cherry and twist or pull it from the branch. Avoid pulling directly on the cherry, as this can damage the fruit and the tree. Use a ladder if necessary to reach higher branches, but always prioritize safety.
Optimal Time of Day
The best time to pick cherries is in the morning, after the dew has dried but before the heat of the day sets in. Cherries picked in the morning tend to be firmer and less susceptible to bruising.
Storage and Preservation
Cherries are best stored in the refrigerator. Place them in a plastic bag or container and use them within a few days. For longer storage, cherries can be frozen, canned, or made into jam or preserves.
Potential Problems and Solutions During Cherry Season
Cherry growers face various challenges during the growing season, including pests, diseases, and weather-related issues. Addressing these problems promptly is essential for a successful harvest.
Pests and Diseases
Common cherry pests include cherry fruit flies, aphids, and birds. Diseases such as brown rot and cherry leaf spot can also affect cherry trees. Implementing preventative measures, such as netting to protect against birds and applying appropriate pesticides or fungicides, can help control these problems.
Weather-Related Issues
Late frosts can damage blossoms and reduce the fruit set. Excessive rain can cause cherries to crack, making them unmarketable. Protecting trees with frost blankets or using rain covers can help mitigate these issues.
Cracking
Cherry cracking is a common problem that occurs when cherries absorb too much water, causing the skin to split. Choosing crack-resistant varieties, improving soil drainage, and using rain covers can help prevent cracking.
Extending the Cherry Season
While the natural cherry season is relatively short, there are ways to extend the availability of fresh cherries.
Succession Planting
Planting different cherry varieties with varying ripening times can extend the harvest season. Early-ripening varieties will provide cherries earlier in the season, while late-ripening varieties will extend the harvest into the summer.
Controlled Atmosphere Storage
Commercial growers often use controlled atmosphere (CA) storage to extend the shelf life of cherries. CA storage involves controlling the temperature, humidity, and gas composition of the storage environment.
Cherry Season: A Summary Table
Here’s a simplified guide, keeping in mind that these are approximate timings and local variations will occur:
| Cherry Type | Typical Ripening Time | Key Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Montmorency (Sour) | Late May – Mid June | Bright red, tart flavor, used for baking |
| Bing (Sweet) | Mid June – Early July | Dark red, very sweet, popular variety |
| Rainier (Sweet) | Late June – Mid July | Yellow with red blush, delicate flavor |
| Lambert (Sweet) | Late June – Early July | Dark red, large size, rich flavor |
Conclusion
Understanding cherry season, from the nuances of different varieties to the factors that influence ripening, empowers you to enjoy the freshest, most flavorful cherries possible. By paying attention to visual cues, tasting for ripeness, and understanding regional variations, you can time your cherry picking perfectly and savor the sweet taste of summer. Whether you’re a seasoned orchardist or a cherry enthusiast, a little knowledge goes a long way in maximizing your cherry harvest and enjoying the fruits of your labor.
When is cherry season typically?
Cherry season is relatively short, generally spanning from late spring to mid-summer. The exact timing varies considerably depending on the specific type of cherry and the geographical location. In warmer regions of the United States, like California, cherry season may begin as early as May.
In cooler climates, such as the Pacific Northwest or states further north, the season typically commences later, around June or even early July. Sweet cherries are usually harvested earlier in the season, followed by tart or sour cherries, which tend to ripen later, extending the availability of fresh cherries into July and sometimes even August.
What factors influence the cherry harvest time?
Several environmental factors play a significant role in determining the precise harvest time for cherries. Temperature is crucial; warmer temperatures generally accelerate the ripening process, leading to an earlier harvest. Adequate sunlight is also essential for proper fruit development and sugar accumulation.
Rainfall and overall moisture levels influence cherry size and quality. Excessive rainfall during the ripening period can lead to cracking, making the cherries unsuitable for commercial sale. Therefore, growers closely monitor weather patterns and adjust their harvesting schedules accordingly to maximize yield and quality.
How do different cherry varieties affect the harvest window?
Different varieties of cherries have varying ripening times, contributing to the overall length of cherry season. Sweet cherries, such as Bing and Rainier, are among the first to ripen, typically ready for picking in late May or early June in warmer regions. These varieties are highly prized for their sweetness and firm texture.
Tart cherries, like Montmorency, mature later in the season, usually in June or July. Their characteristic tartness makes them ideal for baking pies and making jams. Consequently, the variety of cherry you desire will greatly impact when you can find it available for purchase or picking.
Where are the best places to pick cherries?
The prime cherry-growing regions are concentrated in specific areas of the United States and around the world. The Pacific Northwest, particularly Washington and Oregon, is renowned for its abundant cherry orchards and favorable growing conditions. Michigan is another major cherry-producing state, especially for tart cherries.
California also boasts significant cherry production, often enjoying an earlier harvest season. Outside the US, countries like Turkey, which is the world’s largest cherry producer, and regions in Europe, like Italy and Spain, offer excellent cherry-picking opportunities during their respective seasons. Visiting local farms and orchards in these areas during cherry season offers the freshest and most diverse selection.
How can I tell if cherries are ripe and ready to pick?
The visual cues are a great starting point. Ripe cherries typically have a deep, rich color that is characteristic of their variety. Bing cherries, for instance, should be a dark, almost blackish-red, while Rainier cherries will have a vibrant yellow or golden hue with a red blush.
Gently feel the cherries; they should be firm and plump to the touch. Overripe cherries may feel soft or mushy. Taste is the ultimate test. Sample a few cherries to ensure they are sweet (for sweet cherries) or have the desired tartness (for tart cherries). Ripe cherries should also easily detach from the stem when gently pulled.
Can I extend the cherry season at home?
While you can’t control the natural ripening process on the tree, you can extend your enjoyment of cherries beyond the fresh season. Freezing cherries is a simple and effective way to preserve them for later use in smoothies, pies, or other desserts. Simply wash, pit, and freeze the cherries in a single layer before transferring them to freezer bags.
Canning and making jams or preserves are other popular methods for preserving cherries. These methods allow you to savor the flavors of cherry season throughout the year. Dried cherries are also a convenient and shelf-stable option for adding a burst of flavor to snacks and baked goods.
What pests and diseases affect cherry harvest and season length?
Several pests and diseases can significantly impact cherry crops, affecting both the harvest yield and the overall season length. Cherry fruit flies are a common pest, laying eggs inside the cherries, leading to maggot infestation and rendering the fruit unmarketable. Brown rot, a fungal disease, can also cause significant damage, rotting the fruit on the tree.
Growers often implement various control measures to combat these issues, including integrated pest management strategies and fungicide applications. Organic growers may utilize natural pest control methods, such as introducing beneficial insects or using organic sprays. The severity of these pest and disease pressures can ultimately influence the availability of cherries and the duration of the harvest season.